摘要
OikosVolume 106, Issue 1 p. 193-199 What do seedlings die from and what are the implications for evolution of seed size? Angela T. Moles, Angela T. Moles Dept of Biological Sciences, Macquarie Univ., NSW 2109, Australia ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorMark Westoby, Mark Westoby Dept of Biological Sciences, Macquarie Univ., NSW 2109, Australia ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this author Angela T. Moles, Angela T. Moles Dept of Biological Sciences, Macquarie Univ., NSW 2109, Australia ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorMark Westoby, Mark Westoby Dept of Biological Sciences, Macquarie Univ., NSW 2109, Australia ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this author First published: 17 May 2004 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13101.xCitations: 227Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Aarssen, L. W. and Jordan, C. Y.. 2001. Between-species patterns of covariation in plant size, seed size and fecundity in monocarpic herbs. Ecoscience 8: 471–477. Ashton, D. H.. 1976. The development of even-aged stands of Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell. in central Victoria. Aust. J. Bot. 24: 397–414. Augspurger, C. K.. 1983. Seed dispersal of the tropical tree Platypodium elegans and the escape of its seedlings from fungal pathogens. J. Ecol. 71: 759–772. Augspurger, C. K. and Kitajima, K.. 1992. Experimental studies of seedling recruitment from contrasting seed distributions. Ecology 73: 1270–1284. Clark, D. B. and Clark, D. A.. 1985. Seedling dynamics of a tropical tree impacts of herbivory and meristem damage. Ecology 66: 1884–1892. Coomes, D. A. and Grubb, P. J.. 2003. Colonization, tolerance, competition and seed-size variation within functional groups. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18: 283–291. Coomes, D. A., Rees, M., Grubb, P. J. et al. 2002. Are differences in seed mass among species important in structuring plant communities? Evidence from analyses of spatial and temporal variation in dune-annual populations. Oikos 96: 421–432. Cottam, G. and Curtis, J. T.. 1956. The use of distance measures in phytosociological sampling. Ecology 37: 451–560. Dalling, J. W. and Hubbell, S. P.. 2002. Seed size, growth rate and gap microsite conditions as determinants of recruitment success for pioneer species. J. Ecol. 90: 557–568. Eriksson, O.. 1997. Colonization dynamics and relative abundance of three plant species (Antennaria dioica, Hieracium pilosella and Hypochoeris maculata) in dry semi-natural grasslands. Ecography 20: 559–568. Ganade, G. and Westoby, M.. 1998. Seed mass and the evolution of early-seedling etiolation. Am. Nat. 154: 469–480. Garcia-Fayos, P. and Verdu, M.. 1998. Soil seed bank, factors controlling germination and establishment of a mediterranean shrub –Pistacia lentiscus L. Acta Oecol. 19: 357–366. Garcia-Fayos, P., Garcia-Ventoso, B. and Cerda, A.. 2000. Limitations to plant establishment on eroded slopes in southeastern Spain. J. Veg. Sci. 11: 77–86. Geritz, S. A. H.. 1995. Evolutionarily stable seed polymorphism and small-scale spatial variation in seedling density. Am. Nat. 146: 685–707. Geritz, S. A. H., Van Der Meijden, E. and Metz, J. A. J.. 1999. Evolutionary dynamics of seed size and seedling competitive ability. Theor. Popul. Biol. 55: 324–343. Greene, D. F. and Johnson, E. A.. 1994. Estimating the mean annual seed production of trees. Ecology 75: 642–647. Gross, K. L.. 1980. Colonisation by Verbascum thaspus (Mullein) of an old-field in Michigan: experiments on the effects of vegetation. J. Ecol. 68: 919–927. Gross, K. L. and Werner, P. A.. 1982. Colonizing abilities of “biennial” plant species in relation to ground cover: implications for their distributions in a successional sere. Ecology 63: 921–931. Henery, M. L. and Westoby, M.. 2001. Seed mass and seed nutrient content as predictors of seed output variation between species. Oikos 92: 479–490. Herrera, C. M., Jordano, P., Lopezsoria, L. et al. 1994. Recruitment of a mast-fruiting, bird-dispersed tree – bridging frugivore activity and seedling establishment. Ecol. Monogr. 64: 315–344. Jakobsson, A. and Eriksson, O.. 2000. A comparative study of seed number, seed size, seedling size and recruitment in grassland plants. Oikos 88: 494–502. Kitajima, K. and Augspurger, C. K.. 1989. Seed and seedling ecology of a monocarpic tropical tree Tachigalia versicolor. Ecology 70: 1102–1114. Kobayashi, M. and Kamitani, T.. 2000. Effects of surface disturbance and light level on seedling emergence in a Japanese secondary deciduous forest. J. Veg. Sci. 11: 93–100. LeBarron, R. K.. 1944. Influence of controllable environmental conditions on jack pine and black spruce. J. Agric. Res. 68: 97–119. Leck, M. A. and Simpson, R. L.. 1994. Tidal freshwater wetland zonation: seed and seedling dynamics. Aquat. Bot. 47: 61–75. Leishman, M. R.. 2001. Does the seed size/number trade-off model determine plant community structure? An assessment of the model mechanisms and their generality. Oikos 93: 294–302. Leishman, M. R., Wright, I. J., Moles, A. T. et al. 2000. The evolutionary ecology of seed size. – In: M. Fenner (ed.), Seeds – the ecology of regeneration in plant communities. CAB International, pp. 31–57. Masuda, M. and Washitani, I.. 1990. A comparative ecology of the seasonal schedules for reproduction by seeds in a moist tall grassland community. Funct. Ecol. 4: 169–182. McVean, D. N.. 1956. Ecology of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaerten. III. Seedling establishment. J. Ecol. 44: 195–218. Moles, A. T. and Westoby, M.. Seed mass and seedling establishment after fire in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park Sydney, Australia. – Aust. Ecol. Moreno, J. M. and Oechel, W. C.. 1991. Fire intensity effects on germination of shrubs and herbs in southern California chaparral. Ecology 72: 1993–2004. Pelton, J.. 1953. Studies on the life history of Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. in Minnesota. Ecol. Monogr. 23: 17–39. Piroznikow, E.. 1998. The influence of natural and experimental disturbances on emergence and survival of seedlings in an oak-linden-hornbeam (Tilio carpinetum) forest. Pol. J. Ecol. 46: 137–156. Rees, M. and Westoby, M.. 1997. Game theoretical evolution of seed mass in multi-species ecological models. Oikos 78: 116–126. Rey, P. J. and Alcantara, J. M.. 2000. Recruitment dynamics of a fleshy-fruited plant (Olea europaea): connecting patterns of seed dispersal to seedling establishment. J. Ecol. 88: 622–633. Seiwa, K.. 1998. Advantages of early germination for growth and survival of seedlings of Acer mono under different overstorey phenologies in deciduous broad-leaved forests. J. Ecol. 86: 219–228. Silvertown, J. and Bullock, J. M.. 2003. Do seedlings in gaps interact? A field test of assumptions in ESS seed size models. Oikos 101: 499–504. Smith, C. C. and Fretwell, S. D.. 1974. The optimal balance between size and number of offspring. Am. Nat. 108: 499–506. Solbrig, O. T., Curtis, W. F., Kincaid, D. T. et al. 1988. Studies on the population biology of the genus Viola VI. the demography of Viola fimbriatula and Viola lanceolata. J. Ecol. 76: 301–319. Taylor, K. M. and Aarssen, L. W.. 1989. Neighbor effects in mast year seedlings of Acer saccharum. Am. J. Bot. 76: 546–554. Turnbull, L. A., Rees, M. and Crawley, M. J.. 1999. Seed mass and the competition/colonization trade-off: a sowing experiment. J. Ecol. 87: 899–912. Turnbull, L. A., Crawley, M. J. and Rees, M.. 2000. Are plant populations seed-limited? A review of seed sowing experiments. Oikos 88: 225–238. Wardle, P.. 1991. Vegetation of New Zealand. Cambridge Univ. Press. Weller, D. E.. 1987. A reevaluation of the −3/2 power rule of plant self-thinning. Ecol. Monogr. 57: 23–43. Wenny, D. G. and Levey, D. J.. 1998. Directed seed dispersal by bellbirds in a tropical cloud forest. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95: 6204–6207. Westoby, M., Falster, D. S., Moles, A. T. et al. 2002. Plant ecological strategies: some leading dimensions of variation between species. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 33: 125–159. Yoda, K., Kira, T., Ogawa, H. et al. 1963. Intra-specific competition among higher plants. IX. Self-thinning in overcrowded pure stands under cultivation and natural conditions. J. Biol. 14: 107–109. Citing Literature Volume106, Issue1July 2004Pages 193-199 ReferencesRelatedInformation