Removal of Organic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbons Prepared from Residue of Supercritical Extraction of Marigold

In the present work, we reported on the efficiency of the removal of organic dyes by adsorption on activated carbons prepared from the residue of supercritical extraction of marigold. The performance of adsorbents prepared was tested towards methyl red, methylene blue, malachite green, and crystal violet at room temperature. The effects of carbonization (500 and 700 °C) and activation (700 and 800 °C) temperatures, textural parameters, and acid-base character of the adsorbent surface on the sorption properties of the activated carbons were established. Activated carbons are characterized by low developed specific surface area, from 2 to 206 m2/g, and have a basic character of the surface (pH of carbons water extracts ranging from 10.4 to 11.2). Equilibrium adsorption isotherms were investigated. The equilibrium data were analyzed in the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The adsorption capacities of activated carbons studied varied from 47.62 to 102.43 mg/g towards methyl red, 53.14 to 139.72 mg/g towards methyl red, 425.46 to 622.80 towards malachite green and 155.91 to 293.75 mg/g towards crystal violet, from their water solutions. Kinetics of the adsorption of the organic dyes studied were found to be described by the pseudo-second-order model. It was proven that through the physical activation of the residue of supercritical extraction of marigold, it is possible to obtain carbonaceous materials of very high adsorption capacity towards organic pollutants.