A renewable biomass-based lignin film as an effective protective layer to stabilize zinc metal anodes for high-performance zinc–iodine batteries

A renewable biomass-based lignin film on Zn anodes was constructed through the robust coordination interaction with Zn 2+ and strong adsorption energy with Zn metal to avoid the side reaction with H 2 O and I 3 − and restrain the growth of Zn dendrites.