膜
渗透力
反向电渗析
功率密度
化学工程
能量转换
化学
离子键合
吉布斯自由能
材料科学
化学物理
离子
热力学
功率(物理)
有机化学
反渗透
生物化学
物理
正渗透
工程类
电渗析
作者
Qi Sun,Xiuhui Zuo,Changjia Zhu,Weipeng Xian,Qingwei Meng,Qing Guo,Xincheng Zhu,Sai Wang,Qianqian Wang,Shengqian Ma
标识
DOI:10.1002/anie.202116910
摘要
A vast amount of energy can be extracted from the untapped low-grade heat from sources below 100 °C and the Gibbs free energy from salinity gradients. Therefore, a process for simultaneous and direct conversion of these energies into electricity using permselective membranes was developed in this study. These membranes screen charges of ion flux driven by the combined salinity and temperature gradients to achieve thermo-osmotic energy conversion. Increasing the charge density in the pore channels enhanced the permselectivity and ion conductance, leading to a larger osmotic voltage and current. A 14-fold increase in power density was achieved by adjusting the ionic site population of covalent organic framework (COF) membranes. The optimal COF membrane was operated under simulated estuary conditions at a temperature difference of 60 K, which yielded a power density of ≈231 W m-2 , placing it among the best performing upscaled membranes. The developed system can pave the way to the utilization of the enormous supply of untapped osmotic power and low-grade heat energy, indicating the tremendous potential of using COF membranes for energy conversion applications.
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