Construction of bismuth based MOF for efficient removal of sodium diclofenac via adsorption and photocatalysis

The mass production and widespread use of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) have posed a serious threat to the water environment and public health. In this work, a green metal-based Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Bi-NH₂-BDC was prepared and characterized, and the adsorption characteristics of Bi-NH₂-BDC were investigated with typical PPCPs-diclofenac sodium (DCF). It was found that DCF mainly covered the adsorbent surface as a single molecular layer, the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous, entropy-increasing exothermic process and the adsorption mechanisms between Bi-NH₂-BDC and DCF were hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions and electrostatic interactions. In addition, Bi-NH₂-BDC also had considerable photocatalytic properties, and its application in adsorbent desorption treatment effectively solved the problem of secondary pollution, achieving a green and sustainable adsorption desorption cycle.