Mapping the neuropathic pain biomarker landscape (2004–2024): A bibliometric analysis of thematic evolution, research silos, and the translational gap

Background: Despite a surge in neuropathic pain (NP) biomarker research over the past 2 decades, the translation of discoveries into clinical practice remains slow. To understand this translational gap, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to map the field’s evolution, intellectual structure, and strategic challenges. Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of NP biomarker-related publications from 2004 to 2024 using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Tools including CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Scimago Graphica were employed to evaluate authors, institutions, countries/regions, journals, keywords and co-citations. Results: A total of 2437 articles were included in this study. The United States and European countries play a leading role, while China demonstrates high publication output but comparatively lower citation impact. Keyword analysis identified 5 major research clusters, exposing a clear thematic evolution from foundational “molecular mechanisms” towards technology-driven frontiers, including “neuroimaging” and emerging biomarkers like “neurofilament light chain” (NfL). Conclusion: This study provides a strategic map of the NP biomarker field, highlighting a persistent gap between robust basic science discovery and its clinical application. The field’s fragmentation into distinct research “silos” (e.g., molecular, neuroimaging) underscores that the primary future challenge is enhancing interdisciplinary integration. Accelerating progress will depend on building bridges between these domains to develop the multi-modal biomarker strategies essential for improving patient care.