Promoted Carbon Monoxide Sensing Performance of a Bi2Mn4O10-Based Mixed-Potential Sensor by Regulating Oxygen Vacancies

The YSZ-based mixed-potential sensor has exhibited promising application prospects for in situ carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring owing to its excellent thermal stability. However, the way to further enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor remains challenging due to the limitation of the sensing material. In the present work, we proposed a strategy of introducing moderate oxygen vacancies in the transition metal oxide sensing material to enhance CO sensing performance. More importantly, the oxygen vacancies of the sensing electrode were regulated by adjusting the volatilization of the Bi element at different sintering temperatures. Meanwhile, the stable mullite structure and variable valency of Mn were also exploited to maintain the phase structure stability and charge balance brought by the loss of Bi. The relationship between CO sensing properties and the proportion of both Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ and oxygen vacancies was elucidated from XPS and EIS measurements. By contrast, the 800 °C-sintered Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀ possesses the highest oxygen vacancy content and thus exhibits preferable sensing performance including a lower detecting limit (10 ppm), swifter response/recovery processes, and enhanced CO sensitivity (-70.47 mV/decade operated at 450 °C) with satisfactory selectivity and stability, indicating a promising prospect for CO monitoring under exhaust environments.