Laccase: A Green Solution for Environmental Problems

A multicopper oxidase, laccases catalyze the four-electron reduction of the substrate with the use of molecular oxygen. Laccases are abundant in nature and can be found in virtually every form of life on the planet. Generally speaking, laccases are classified into three types: blue, white, and yellow. Plant, bacterial and fungal laccases all have the same trinuclear copper site for substrate reduction. Non-phenolic as well as phenolic molecules are both capable of being catalyzed by this enzyme. Laccases are used in a wide range of industries that make use of phenolic chemicals. Laccases have been the subject of recent research because of their unique features. Laccase, its sources, manufacture, purification, and applications in many sectors are discussed in length in this review.