Long-Arm Jurisdiction in Cross-Border Data Flows: EU-US Gaming and Balancing

In the era of digital economy, the power struggle and legal challenges arising from cross-border data flows have become increasingly prominent, making data governance a focal topic in the international community. Countries are competing and cooperating in formulating rules on cross-border data flows, as this phenomenon becomes more significant with the global popularity and rapid development of big data-based digital products like ChatGPT. As traditional powers in this field, the United States and the European Union have established long-arm jurisdiction systems with unique characteristics and have engaged in multiple rounds of fierce gamesmanship over dominance in global data flow governance standards, while constantly seeking power balance in bilateral cooperation. Through historical research, comparative analysis, and case studies, this paper analyzes and summarizes the governance principles, regulatory models, and competitive and compromising processes of transatlantic data flows, leading to the conclusion that Chinas data governance strategy should balance data security and data freedom, while transforming its approach to regulating data outflows and emphasizing the importance of efficiency values in maintaining data sovereignty. By expanding international cooperation and promoting the signing of regional data flow agreements, China can enhance its voice in the global data governance system.