Cognitive and semantic construct for Digital Twin river basin geographic information fusion

River basin is a natural area and system with complex process and interaction among hydrology and climate, human activity and ecologic environment. Integrated assessment and management is necessary for river basin under global change. Digital twin and geographic information technology provide useful methods for the integrated management problem. However, multidisciplinary models, multiple scales, multisource data, uncertainty and heterogeneity are potential challenge for the problem. This paper has proposed a framework of cognitive and semantic construct for digital twin river basin and geographic information fusion, and will provide a holism methodology for integrated assessment and management for river basin. An ontology framework for semantic digital twin river basin has been proposed based on the entities of natural phenomena and human activity, including object, field, process, state, event and property from static or dynamic viewpoint. A multi-sources information fusion framework for semantic digital twin river basin was proposed based on ontology and knowledge construct, from the three viewpoints: static feature model, dynamic process model and complex activity model.