Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of miR-93 in Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Analysis

Background: Accurate and non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic markers are necessary to improve patient outcomes. MicroRNAs have been proposed as relatively non-invasive and pertinent biomarkers. miR-93 has been studied for its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in prostate cancer (PCa), but findings from individual studies are inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of its overall differential expression in 13 PCa studies and a bioinformatics analysis to provide a comprehensive appraisal of its diagnostic and prognostic role. Methods: We searched all published papers on miR-93 expression in PCa up to Nov 30, 2022 using PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. We used RevMan software to Meta-analyze the included literature. A bioinformatics analysis of genes and pathways that might be target to the effect of the mature miR-93-5p was carried out. Results: The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of miR-93 expression in PCa, its area under the curve (AUC) and hazard ratio (HR) were 1.26, 95% CI [-0.34-2.86], 0.84, 95% CI [0.76 -0.93] and 1.67, 95% CI [0.98, 2.84] respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that mature miR-93-5p may regulate genes such as SMAD1, SMAD7 and MAPK and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Conclusion: miR-93 has significant diagnostic and prognostic value in PCa. These findings highlight the potential of miR-93 as a non-invasive biomarker for PCa and may contribute to earlier detection and prognostic assessment. The target genes and signaling pathways regulated by miR-93 may provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of PCa.