The effect of polyvinyl chloride microplastics on soil properties, greenhouse gas emission, and element cycling-related genes: Roles of soil bacterial communities and correlation analysis

Different shapes (membranes and particles) and concentrations (1 % (w/w) and 2 % (w/w)) of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics (MPs) were investigated to determine their impact on the soil environment. The incorporation of MPs can disrupt soil macroaggregates. Compared with 1 % (w/w) MPs, 2 % MPs resulted in a significant increase in soil organic carbon content. MP particles significantly increased soil CO