Cooperative operation of industrial/commercial/residential integrated energy system with hydrogen energy based on Nash bargaining theory

As a result of the development of energy commercialization, integrated energy services can meet multiple forms of energy supply. In this paper, the cooperative game of a multi-park integrated energy system for industrial, commercial, and residential areas with hydrogen energy based on Nash bargaining theory is established towards the joint dispatching of parks with operation differences in energy sharing mode. Firstly, the techno-economic framework considering the difference of park integrated energy systems is built, whilst introducing the hydrogen-doped electric-to-gas process. Second, by taking into consideration the interests demands and individual differences of each park subject through the cooperative game, the operation representing the interests of the multi-park integrated energy system is established. Then, on the basis of ensuring that the proposed cooperative game model can maximize the social benefits, the original problem is transformed into two easier-to-solve sub-problems. The alternating direction method of multipliers is used to successively solve the two sub-problems in a distributed manner. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed model can reduce the purchased cost by 1298.8199 $, operation cost by 2319.3456 $, and carbon emissions by 62.1281 t, and improve the renewable energy integration by 12.3011 MW compared with the non-cooperative operation.