兴奋
长寿
背景(考古学)
自噬
亚精胺
小分子
药理学
生物
化学
生物化学
氧化应激
遗传学
古生物学
酶
细胞凋亡
作者
Jan Martel,Shwu Fen Chang,Cheng Yeu Wu,Hsin‐Hsin Peng,Tsong Long Hwang,Yun Fei Ko,John Ding‐E Young,David M. Ojcius
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101240
摘要
Caloric restriction (CR) mimetics are molecules that produce beneficial effects on health and longevity in model organisms and humans, without the challenges of maintaining a CR diet. Conventional CR mimetics such as metformin, rapamycin and spermidine activate autophagy, leading to recycling of cellular components and improvement of physiological function. We review here novel CR mimetics and anti-aging compounds, such as 4,4′-dimethoxychalcone, fungal polysaccharides, inorganic nitrate, and trientine, highlighting their possible molecular targets and mechanisms of action. The activity of these compounds can be understood within the context of hormesis, a biphasic dose response that involves beneficial effects at low or moderate doses and toxic effects at high doses. The concept of hormesis has widespread implications for the identification of CR mimetics in experimental assays, testing in clinical trials, and use in healthy humans. We also discuss the promises and limitations of CR mimetics and anti-aging molecules for delaying aging and treating chronic diseases.
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