Nonthrombogenic Treatments and Strategies

Lowering the thrombogenicity of materials has followed two broad paths – making materials inert or adding bioactive components. Heparin is the best example of the latter while the former has relied on hypotheses about the effect of surface properties (e.g., energy, chemistry) on proteins and platelets. Underlying this challenge is a limited understanding of the rate limiting mechanism of thrombosis on biomaterials.