菜蛾
苏云金杆菌
免疫系统
中肠
Cry1Ac公司
寄主(生物学)
昆虫
生物
微生物学
免疫
肠道菌群
抗菌肽
细菌
抗菌剂
幼虫
转基因作物
免疫学
基因
植物
转基因
生态学
生物化学
遗传学
作者
Shuzhong Li,Xi Xu,Surajit De Mandal,Muhammad Shakeel,Yi-Jun Hua,Rana Fartab Shoukat,Dongran Fu,Fengliang Jin
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116271
摘要
Insect gut microbiotas have a variety of physiological functions for host growth, development, and immunity. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is known to kill insect pests by releasing insecticidal protoxins, which are activated in the insect midgut. However, the interplay among Bt infection, host immunity, and gut microbiota are still unclear. Here we show that Bt Cry1Ac protoxin interacts with the gut microbiota to accelerate the mortality of P. xylostella larvae. Cry1Ac protoxin was found to cause a dynamic change in the midgut and hemocoel microbiota of P. xylostella, with a significant increase in bacterial load and a significant reduction in bacterial diversity. In turn, loss of gut microbiota significantly decreased the Bt susceptibility of P. xylostella larvae. The introduction of three gut bacterial isolates Enterococcus mundtii (PxG1), Carnobacterium maltaromaticum (PxCG2), and Acinetobacter guillouiae (PxCG3) restored sensitivity to Bt Cry1Ac protoxin. We also found that Cry1Ac protoxin and native gut microbiota can trigger host midgut immune response, which involves the up-regulation of expression of Toll and IMD pathway genes and most antimicrobial peptide genes, respectively. Our findings further shed light on the interplay between insect gut microbiota and host immunity under the Bt toxin killing pressure, and this may provide insights for improving the management of Bt resistance and lead to new strategies for biological control of insect pests.
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