Percutaneous sclerotherapy using bleomycin for the treatment of vascular malformations

Abstract Background Some vascular malformations are difficult to manage with surgical treatment. Thus, percutaneous sclerotherapy has been utilized with several advantages over surgical treatment. Bleomycin is one of several sclerosing agents used for the treatment of vascular malformations. Objectives To evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of percutaneous sclerotherapy using bleomycin for the treatment of vascular malformations. Methods Thirty patients diagnosed with vascular malformations, including four with capillary malformations with nodular change, nine with lymphatic malformations, and 17 with venous malformations, were involved in the study. Patients received magnetic resonance imaging and pulmonary surveillance prior to the treatment. Clinical assessments for the degree of vascularity disappearance and adverse effects were performed by the investigator. Results Percutaneous sclerotherapy using bleomycin was performed in 3.2 sessions (mean) over 3 months (mean). Significant improvement was observed in 90.0% of all lesions. All lesions of capillary malformation with nodular change and lymphatic malformation demonstrated significant improvement, and 82.4% of lesions of venous malformation improved significantly. Seven patients (23.3%) complained of side effects including pain and headache. All occurred within 24 hours and were tolerable. Conclusions Percutaneous sclerotherapy using bleomycin is effective and tolerable in the treatment of vascular malformation through a percutaneous approach. Therefore, it could be applied usefully for vascular malformations by dermatologists.