Hepatic Stellate Cells and Liver Cancer

Hepatic fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are strongly associated with about 80–90% of HCCs developing in fibrotic or cirrhotic livers. Here, we will review the relationship between hepatic fibrosis and HCC, focusing on the role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the primary source of hepatic myofibroblast, and the production of extracellular matrix in hepatocarcinogenesis. After reviewing the premalignant microenvironment and tumor microenvironment of the liver, we will discuss evidence for a role of HSCs in hepatocarcinogenesis and highlight mediators and pathways through which HSCs may contribute to the promotion and progression of HCC.