Introduction: Basic Definitions and Analytical Tasks

This chapter presents the analytical framework of the book. After offering a basic definition of international harmonization, it surveys its history and gives a hypothetical explanation for the recent surge in harmonization efforts. Harmonization of economic regulation is then distinguished according to regulatory area, level of harmonization, and methods employed. Alternatives to harmonization are discussed as to their merits and demerits compared to harmonization. After enumerating major points of conflict in harmonization negotiations, the analytical tasks of the book are specified as (1) clarifying the causes and backgrounds of harmonization, (2) elucidating the negotiating process of harmonization and (3) assessing the impact of harmonization on domestic laws and global economic governance.