Integral Gel Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Materials

Integral gel electromagnetic waves (EMW) absorption materials are a new type of material with excellent EMW-absorbing properties, which include solid-medium carbon-based aerogels, MXene-based aerogels, polymer-based aerogels, metal-based aerogels, and ceramic-based aerogels. This chapter reviews the research status and development trends of integral gel-based EMW absorption materials. It focuses on the latest progress in their preparation processes and application prospects, aiming at providing references for researchers in related fields and promoting further development and application of integral gel-based EMW absorption materials. Semi-empirical studies have identified ionic liquids as promising liquid-absorbing mediums due to their matching dielectric properties. Aerogels present a host of compelling advantages as microwave-absorption materials. Their low-density and extensive porosity create a lightweight structure with a substantial surface area, facilitating efficient interaction with microwaves. Ceramic-based aerogels are widely used in microwave windows, EM shielding, and radomes due to their excellent high-temperature resistance and chemical stability.