Application of Nanoencapsulation Technology in Agriculture for Effective and Sustainable Weed Management: A Critical Review

Weeds are a major threat to agricultural productivity, leading to significant yield losses. This review critically assesses the potential of nanotechnology in developing nanoherbicides as an effective alternative to traditional weed control methods. The properties and encapsulation techniques of various nanoparticles, including interfacial polymerization, in-situ polymerization, coacervation, and organic encapsulation, are analyzed to demonstrate how these methods enhance herbicide efficiency and specificity. A comprehensive literature review synthesizes recent advancements in organic encapsulation techniques, including liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, which enhance herbicide efficacy and targeted delivery. The findings indicate that nanotechnology can improve herbicide effectiveness by reducing required doses and minimizing off-target effects, enhancing stability and bioavailability. Key findings suggest that nanoherbicides can achieve targeted delivery and reduce off-target effects and environmental impact. Additionally, the review highlights evidence showing that nano-formulations can mitigate issues related to herbicide resistance by improving the stability and increasing the diversity of soil microbes. Furthermore, this study underscores the necessity for further research into the long-term effects and practical applications of nanoherbicides in diverse agricultural settings. By integrating these innovative techniques, farmers can achieve more sustainable weed control, increasing agricultural productivity while mitigating environmental risks. Future research should prioritize field trials to validate these findings and optimize application methods for diverse cropping systems.