Autologous myokine-loaded pre-vascularized bioactive scaffold enhances bone augmentation

The poor angiogenic ability is the main reason for the failure of bone augmentation material implantation. Pre-vascularized culture is considered to be an effective method to accelerate early angiogenesis , while the immune rejection has limited clinical application. Herein, since bone augmentation is an elective procedure, an easily accessible pre-vascularized silk fibroin/bioactive glass (SF-BG) scaffold without immune rejection was prepared by autologous intramuscular implantation. The SF-BG scaffolds exhibited outstanding vascularization ability in muscle by enhancing the muscle endocrine function . Further mechanism study confirmed that BG improved the synthesis and secretion of myokine irisin by regulating PI3K/Akt/PGC-1α/FNDC5 signaling pathway . After implantation in the bone augmentation position, the pre-vascularized BG scaffold with irisin loaded fostered the early angiogenesis of implantation and increased bone augmentation at the late stage. This study proposed a new idea for bone augmentation by autologous intramuscular pre-vascularized scaffolds. • The SF-BG scaffolds exhibited outstanding vascularization ability in muscle by enhancing the muscle endocrine function . • The pre-vascularized SF-BG scaffold with irisin loaded fostered the early angiogenesis of implantation. • BG increased expression of irisin by regulating PI3K/Akt/PGC-1α/FNDC5 pathway.