Research on performance constraints and electrolyte optimization strategies for lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures

diffusion within the electrode material. Advancements in research on lithium salts, solvents, additives, and novel electrolytes are methodically presented, comprising localized high-concentration electrolytes, weakly solvating electrolytes, liquefied gas electrolytes, and polymer electrolytes. Finally, the challenges that must be addressed in current low-temperature LIBs are identified, and potential future developments in this field are anticipated.