Recursive Feature Learning from Pre-Trained Models for Spoofing Speech Detection

It was recently revealed that using features extracted from pre-trained models can achieve much better performance than using conventional hand-crafted acoustic features for spoofing speech detection. In this paper, we therefore enhance the features from pre-trained model based on recursive learning. Specifically, we modify the pre-trained model by feeding the features from the topmost transformer layer to bottom layers recursively, and the obtained recursive features from the bottom layers are fused with that from topmost layer. The fused features are then fed into the backend classifiers. Experiments are carried out on two benchmark datasets (i.e., ASVspoof 2019 LA and ASVspoof 2021 LA), which show the superiority of the proposed method over state-of-the-art systems.