Effective strategies to promote Z(S)-scheme photocatalytic water splitting

Artificial Z(S)-scheme photocatalytic water splitting systems have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages such as wide light absorption range, high charge separation efficiency and strong carrier redox ability. However, it is still challenging to design and prepare Z(S)-scheme photocatalysts with low-cost and highly stability for efficiently photocatalytic overall water splitting using solar energy. This review mainly introduces various strategies to improve the photocatalytic water splitting performance of Z(S)-scheme systems. These strategies mainly focus on enhancing or extending the range of light absorption, promoting charge separation, and enhancing surface redox reaction in Z(S)-scheme systems. Finally, the main challenges of Z(S)-scheme photocatalytic water splitting systems and their future development directions are pointed out. This review would be beneficial to understanding the challenges and opportunities faced by the research field of Z(S)-scheme photocatalytic systems, and has important guiding significance for the development and utilization of high-performance Z(S)-scheme photocatalytic reaction system in the future.