Recent progresses of exosome–liposome fusions in drug delivery

Exosomes are membrane-bound nanoscale extracellular vesicles, which produced by almost all organisms. Due to the excellent biocompatibility, long circulation time as well as low immunogenicity, exosomes as naturally-derived drug delivery carriers have experienced explosive growth over the past decades. However, issues such as insufficient loading efficiency, heterogeneous delivery efficiency, uncontrollable targeting ability, and low production limit their wide application. Recently, the emerging exosome–liposome fusion strategy has become a potential approach to solve such issues. Thus, this review mainly focuses on the currently developed exosome–liposome fusion strategy and their application in drug delivery as well as disease treatment. This review aims to shed light on the advantages of fusion strategy in drug delivery and provides a better understanding for more rational design. The current challenge and future perspective regarding their clinical translation and application will also be discussed.