A review on the next generation of healing: Exploring the use of triboelectric nanogenerators in wound care

Despite advancements in wound healing treatments, high rates of elimination persist and emphasize the need for more effective solutions. One promising approach is using electrical stimulation (ES) therapy, which is underutilized in clinical practice. However, with the rise of wearable technology, ES therapy is gaining renewed attention. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) converts mechanical energy into electricity following triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. With a variety of materials and device designs, TENG offers many benefits, including high output power. The small vibrations produced by the body and organs provide an excellent energy source for self-powered healthcare applications using TENG. This review highlights the progress made in TENG-based wound healing. We have summarized various research outcomes of TENG-based wound healing applications that have been published in recent years. However, challenges of TENG, such as downsizing, encapsulation, and stable performance, must be addressed before medical trials begin. In the coming years, addressing these challenges would pave the way for TENG to become an alternative power source for self-power wound healing applications.