Graphitic carbon nitride photoelectric properties regulation for highly sensitive sensing applications

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN), as a nanomaterial, has garnered significant attention due to its excellent biocompatibility and superior photoelectric properties. This paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in g-CN nanomaterials (g-C3N4, g-C3N5) within the realm of biological detection. It commences with a discussion on the synthesis of g-CN materials, followed by photoelectric properties regulation through various modification strategies such as element doping and heterostructure construction. Furthermore, it delves into the applications of g-CN in detection field including protein, nucleic acids, small biological molecules, metal ions, environmental pollutants. Lastly, we present an overview of the opportunities and challenges in the development of g-CN materials, looking towards future prospects. In order to synthesize and apply g-CN nanomaterials in a sustainable manner, it is crucial to prioritize environmental friendliness and focus on building biosensors that are recyclable, cost-effective, and integrated. The aim of this review is to inspire further development and application of g-CN based materials in the field of biological detection.