Multidimensional response of dopamine nano-system for on-demand fungicides delivery: Reduced toxicity and synergistic antibacterial effects

Considering the microenvironment of pathogens, the use of highly biocompatible antibacterial materials loaded with fungicides and the on-demand delivery of fungicides through controlled release can effectively improve the biocompatibility and antibacterial effect of existing fungicides. In this study, we used mesoporous poly-dopamine nanoparticles (MPDA NPs) as a carrier, prochloraz (Pro) as a loading agent, and benzimidazole (BIZ) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complex as a blocking agent to prepare the on-demand delivery nano-pesticides Pro@MPDA-BIZ@β-CD (hereinafter abbreviated as PMBD), which can be administered at different stages. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum secretes oxalic acid factor to create an acidic microenvironment, and the nano-system quickly releases fungicide Pro into the mycelium. MPDA materials also responds to oxalic acid to jointly reduce the pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, effectively inhibiting the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and realizing the treatment of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection. On the other hand, when plants are not infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, MPDA with a photothermal effect triggers the release of fungicides under the irradiation of near-infrared light, thus preventing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection. The in vitro release experiment showed that the cumulative release of Pro under low pH and near-infrared light irradiation was 2.68 times and 2.04 times higher than that under neutral and no light conditions, respectively. On the other hand, the rich functional groups on MPDA-BIZ@β-CD(hereinafter abbreviated as MBD) gave the system good wettability, and the contact angles of MBD on Chinese cabbage and tomato leaves were reduced by 14.85° and 41.54°, respectively, which enhanced its resistance to rainwater erosion and prevented the fungicides from being lost to the environment. In addition, bio-safety experiments have shown that PMBD has good biocompatibility to plant germination and soil microorganisms.