Current status and future prospects of nanoscale metal–organic frameworks in bioimaging

magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomography (CT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), fluorescence (FL) imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and photothermal (PT) imaging modalities. Initially, we describe the principles of a specific imaging technique in each section, and then present the recent reports on MOFs for monomodal and multimodal imaging and the following information: (i) how to synthesize MOFs and modify their surface and (ii) their utilization in bioimaging or theranostic applications.