The flavonoids extract from Okra flowers protects against DSS-induced colitis via regulating NF-κB signaling pathway and gut microbiota

Okra flower is an untapped flavonoid-rich resource, and flavonoids from it (AFE) have been demonstrated intestinal protective potential due to anti-colorectal cancer properties, but other intestinal-related effects remain to be explored. Here, we found that AFE, as a safe natural product, effectively alleviate 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation in C57BL/6N and DSS-induced injury of human intestinal epithelial cells NCM460. AFE maintained colon integrity by promoting the levels of tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and Occludin, and modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway to prevent further tissue damage. Meanwhile, gut microbiota was involved in the protective effect of AFE in vivo, with Akkermansia making a major contribution. Moreover, AFE exhibited similar inhibitory effects on the NF-κB pathway in vitro and exerted antioxidant effects as a ROS scavenger by regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In summary, this study demonstrated the potential of AFE in restoring intestinal health in vitro and in vivo.