First-Principles Prediction of a Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Janus VSSe Monolayer with Piezoelectricity, Ferroelasticity, and Large Valley Polarization

Inspired by recent experiments on the successful fabrication of monolayer Janus transition-metal dichalcogenides [ Lu , A.-Y. ; Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017 , 12 , ( 8 ), 744 and ferromagnetic VSe₂ [ Bonilla , M. ; Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018 , 13 , ( 4 ), 289 ], we predict a highly stable room-temperature ferromagnetic Janus monolayer (VSSe) by density functional theory methods and further confirmed the stability by a global minimum search with the particle-swarm optimization method. The VSSe monolayer exhibits a large valley polarization due to the broken space- and time-reversal symmetry. Moreover, its low symmetry C_{3 v} point group results in giant in-plane piezoelectric polarization. Most interestingly, a strain-driven 90° lattice rotation is found in the magnetic VSSe monolayer with an extremely high reversal strain (73%), indicating an intrinsic ferroelasticity. The combination of piezoelectricity and valley polarization make magnetic 2D Janus VSSe a tantalizing material for potential applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and valleytronics.