Research Review on Participation Mechanism in the Process of Chinese Public Policy

人类对公共政策的研究起源于20世纪50年代初美国著名政治学家哈罗德·拉斯韦尔和丹尼尔·勒纳合著的《政策科学》一书。第二次世界大战后，各国政府开始对社会发展的各个领域进行大规模干预，随之而来需要政府部门决策的事务也越来越多。公共政策逐渐发展成为影响国家发展，制约政府治理水平的重要研究领域。其中，公共政策制定是公共政策过程的首要阶段，也是公共政策科学的核心和关键。建立和完善公众参与机制是公共政策制定的前提和关键，也是确保政策符合民意及政策合法化的根本途径。在我国，其实公众参与由来已久，毛泽东就曾经说过，“群众既制定政策，又执行政策”。“坚持从群众中来，到群众中去”就是一种典型的公众参与，是一种依靠群众，反映民意的民主决策方式。除此之外，公众参与公共政策制定的途径还有很多，比如：听证会、公民请愿、公民投票和民意调查等。笔者认为，在我国公共政策制定过程中建立和完善公众参与机制对推进我国公共政策的科学化、民主化、法制化有举足轻重的作用，笔者在研究文献和课程学习的基础上撰写出此文，以抒浅见。 Human for public policy research originated in the early 1950s the famous American political scientists Harold, Laesweir and Daniel Lerner co-authored “Policy Science”. After the Second World War, governments began to interfere in every field of social development, generating the affairs of government decision making also more and more. Public policy making gradually becomes the important research field of government governance. Among them, the public policy making is the first phase of public policy process, and the core of the scientific and public policy. Establish and perfect the public participation mechanism is the premise and key to public policy making, policy is to ensure that comply with the basic way of legalization of public opinion and policy. In our country, in fact, public participation has a long history, Mao Zedong once said, “the policy and implement policy”. “From the masses, to the masses” is a kind of typical public participation, is a kind of relying on the masses, reflecting the public, opinion of democratic decision-making way. In addition, the public participation in public policy formulated by the way, there are many, such as: hearing, citizen petition, referendum, and opinion polls. The author thinks that, in the process of public policy in our country to establish and perfect the public participation mechanism to promote the scientization, democratization, legalization of public policy in our country has a significant role, the author on the basis of the research literature and course can write this article, to express their humble opinions.