A near-infrared mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for the detection of hydrogen sulfide in plants and zebrafish

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) serves as a crucial gaseous signaling molecule within plants, playing a vital role in regulating growth and development as well as various stress responses. Thus, it is of great importance to develop an effective fluorescent probe for detecting dynamic changes of H 2 S in plants. With this research, we developed a novel near-infrared fluorescent probe CTH-OH-NO 2 . CTH-OH-NO 2 that possess the characteristics of large Stokes shift (>100 nm), good water solubility, and high selectivity. Significantly, CTH-OH-NO 2 successfully achieved real-time fluorescence imaging of endogenous and exogenous H 2 S in multiple plant models such as onion inner epidermis, soybean stem segments, hydroponic soybean roots, tobacco roots and hydroponic wheat roots. Notably, CTH-OH-NO 2 enabled whole-plant imaging of H 2 S in mung bean and peanut plants, as well as co-localization imaging of mitochondria in wheat root systems. Furthermore, CTH-OH-NO 2 exhibits good monitoring performance for H 2 S level changes in zebrafish models. This research provides a rapid and effective tool for the dynamic monitoring of H 2 S in plants and zebrafish.