Dehumanizing the interpretation of abusive supervision prediction of counterproductive behaviors among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the impact of abusive supervision on counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examines the mediating role of dehumanization and the moderating effects of perceived coworker support and negative reciprocity beliefs. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A longitudinal study design was used, with data collected from the same sample (n = 270 healthcare workers) across 3 time points over a 16-month period. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The temporal separation of measurements - independent variable at T1, mediator at T2 and dependent variable at T3 - enhances causal inference and reduces potential common method bias. The study design supports a temporal mediation model consistent with causality assumptions. FINDINGS: Results indicate that abusive supervision positively predicts increases in CWB over time, with dehumanization mediating this relationship. Perceived coworker support does not moderate the relationship between abusive supervision and CWB, while negative reciprocity beliefs amplify the effect of dehumanization on CWB. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The findings highlight the importance of addressing abusive supervision in healthcare, especially during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Organizations should foster supportive work environments, develop strategies to reduce dehumanization, mitigate the effects of negative reciprocity beliefs and ultimately reduce CWB among healthcare workers. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: Reducing abusive supervision and dehumanization among healthcare workers enhances patient care, strengthens public trust in healthcare systems and supports employees' well-being and resilience. Promoting respectful and supportive work environments not only improves organizational performance but also fosters a culture that values human dignity and professional integrity, contributing to the overall health and sustainability of communities, particularly during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study is among the first to longitudinally examine the impact of abusive supervision on healthcare workers' behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing valuable insights into causal relationships between these variables. It also contributes to understanding the roles of coworker support and negative reciprocity beliefs in shaping the effects of abusive supervision over time.