“Messieurs, c'est les microbes qui auront le dernier mot”: Gentlemen, it is the microbes who have the last word (Louis Pasteur)—Fusobacterium nucleatumprotect tumors from killing by immune cells

Fusobacterium nucleatum is present in colon cancers where it was shown to generate a proinflammatory microenvironment that supports colorectal neoplasia progression. Remarkably, alongside with proinflammatory stimulation, fusobacteria also inhibit cytotoxicity of immune cells. Thus, it appears as if tumors exploit fusobacteria to generate a favorable proinflammatory and anti-cytotoxic microenvironment.