OUP accepted manuscript

Observation is the current standard for managing cases of Stage 0a-III upper tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy. A randomized Phase III trial commenced in Japan during October 2016. The trial is designed to investigate the superiority of a single early intravesical instillation of pirarubicin, compared with observation, in terms of relapse-free survival after radical nephroureterectomy for Stage 0a-III upper tract urothelial carcinoma. During a 5-year period, 310 patients will be recruited from 43 Japanese institutions. The primary endpoint is defined as relapse-free survival, and the secondary endpoints are overall survival, intravesical relapse-free survival, adverse events, and serious adverse events. This trial has been registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000024267, http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm).