Finite element simulation of 3D bending process of tube

The finite element model of 3D bending process of a hollow tube with complex shape was built and the forming process was simulated.The distribution of stress-strain during the bending process was analyzed.The influence of the angular rate of bending on the tube forming was also discussed.The results showed that the thickness of outer tube descends but the thickness of inner tube goes up during the bending process.The greater the deformation rate and the variation of the thickness of inner and outer tube,the more the tube will be prone to cracking and wrinkling.