Electrochemical Properties of Hard Carbon Materials As Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Battery

Sodium ion battery has gained much attention as an alternative power source to replace lithium ion battery in order to address recent concerns on the limited resources of lithium and its localized reserves in the earth. However, graphite, currently used anode electrode material in lithium ion battery, cannot be used for sodium ion battery because of insufficient interlayer distance between graphene layers for the intercalation of sodium ions. Instead, various carbon materials which have disordered structure have been investigated as anode materials for sodium ion battery. In this presentation, the electrochemical performances of hard carbon materials and their modified forms by mechanical milling and mild oxidation were investigated as sodium ion storage materials for sodium ion battery with respect to structural and surface modifications of hard carbon.