Hollow sp2-conjugated covalent organic framework encapsulating thiophene-based photosensitizer for enhanced visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution

The morphologies of fibers, spheres and bowls were controlled in COF. A novel p–n heterostructure was fabricated by encapsulating photosensitizer in hollow-COF. The hollow structure, staggered band alignment and large contact area greatly improved the hydrogen evolution activity.