Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy Presenting After Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A Case Report

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is a condition characterized by IgA glomerular deposits with local cellular proliferation on renal biopsy. IgAN is the most common glomerular disease and the most common cause of renal failure worldwide. IgAN's pathogenesis is hypothesized as a four-hit process causing improper IgA production. Four-hit processes result in an increased level of circulating galactose deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1). In response, Gd-IgA1 is perceived as an autoantigen by other antibodies leading to renal tissue injury. This report outlines a case of a 15-year-old Hispanic male who presented to the Emergency Department with complaints of fever and hematuria, a week after testing positive for streptococcal pharyngitis. This case summarizes the presentation and management of IgAN.