Role of PD‐1 in modulating IFN‐γ‐CXCL9/10‐CXCR3 signaling in breast cancer

Abstract Breast cancer represents a significant health burden globally, necessitating ongoing advancements in treatment strategies for improved patient outcomes. Immunotherapy, particularly targeting immune checkpoints like programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), has emerged as a promising approach in cancer therapy. This study focuses on elucidating the role of PD‐1 in modulating the IFN‐γ‐CXCL9/10‐CXCR3 signaling axis within the breast cancer microenvironment. By investigating the synergistic effects of PD‐1 inhibitors in combination with Inetetamab, our research aims to uncover novel therapeutic targets for enhancing immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer. Through comprehensive experimental analysis, we seek to deepen our understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying immune regulation in breast cancer, thereby paving the way for more effective and sustainable treatment strategies. Ultimately, our study endeavors to establish a robust theoretical framework that can guide the development of innovative clinical interventions, aiming for improved outcomes in breast cancer patients.