Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of full-scale ozonation for micropollutants removal from wastewater. Case study in the Netherlands

Wastewater management is one of the main factors that affect drinking water quality. Therefore, the removal of micropollutant from urban wastewaters is receiving an increased attention. This study conducts a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing of a full-scale ozonation advanced wastewater treatment for micropollutant removal to identify the main impact contributors. The study includes the whole life cycle of the plant, which has been divided into three stages: (1) construction, (2) use and maintenance, and (3) decommissioning. The functional unit is the treatment of 400 m