The elastic frontier: dielectric elastomer actuators in healthcare technology

Abstract This review presents a detailed survey of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEAs) and their emerging role in medical applications. DEAs are distinguished by their flexibility, low weight, and excellent biocompatibility, making them well-suited for a wide range of medical devices. The review explores the fundamental electro-mechanical principles behind DEA operation, which enable their remarkable ability to replicate natural muscle movements. Key applications discussed include biomedical devices, rehabilitation systems, in-vivo implants, and wearable health monitors, where DEAs offer dynamic, lifelike movements and precise control. Their ability to provide highly flexible and responsive actuation is a major advantage in medical technologies. However, challenges persist, particularly in terms of material durability, the need for high-voltage activation, and the integration of DEAs with existing medical technologies. By synthesizing recent research and highlighting ongoing hurdles, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of DEAs, offering a comprehensive look at their current state and future impact on next-generation medical devices.