Short-Wavelength Infrared Photonic Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers Integrated With Metasurface for Static Beam Steering

Compact solid-state photonic devices with beam steering capabilities are essential for next-generation applications including light detection and ranging, free-space optical communications, optical sensing, and augmented/virtual reality displays. This work presents the monolithic integration of metasurfaces with electrically-driven photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) to achieve laser beam deflection. Building upon our previously demonstrated short-wavelength infrared PCSELs with high power and superior beam quality, we fabricated metasurfaces directly on the back-emitting surface to manipulate the wavefront of the laser output. The metasurface consists of subwavelength meta-atoms designed to provide precise phase control for beam steering. We demonstrate static beam deflection angles up to 70° with output powers of 60 mW at 1570 nm. These results establish a promising platform for compact, electrically-driven beam steering devices for advanced photonic applications.