Clinical characteristics of patients with early gastric prematurity cancer and analysis of complications by endoscopic resection

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer, a prevalent malignancy, poses a severe threat to the health of residents in China. Timely intervention in early stages can extend patients’ survival. AIM To analyze clinical characteristics of patients with early gastric cancer and efficacy and risk of complications associated with endoscopic resection. METHODS This study included 175 patients with early gastric cancer treated at our hospital, with no restrictions on sex or age. General data, pathological information, and endoscopic biopsy results were obtained. The clinical characteristics of early gastric cancer were analyzed, and endoscopic resection was performed. Postoperative efficacy and incidence of complications were monitored. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 software. RESULTS A total of 175 patients with early gastric cancer were included, with 75.43% (n = 132) males and 24.57% (n = 43) females. 38.29% (n = 67) and 35.43% (n = 62) of patients had a history of smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively. Comorbidities included diabetes (8.57%, n = 15), coronary heart disease (10.29%, n = 18), and hypertension (43.43%, n = 76), which was highly prevalent. A history of abdominal surgery and family history of digestive system cancer accounted for 21.14% and 17.14%, respectively. The most common lesion location was the antral part of the stomach (52.00%, n = 91), followed by the gastric angle, body, and fundus. The pathological types were predominantly high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (28.00%, n = 49) and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (26.86%, n = 47), followed by moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, high-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and moderate-lowly differentiated adenocarcinoma. 89.14% of the patients had intestinal metaplasia and 85.14% had atrophy. After endoscopic resection, re-examination revealed that 13 patients had cancer cells at the tissue margin, with a positive margin rate of 7.43%. Postoperative complications included no cases of gastrointestinal obstruction, but incisional infection (2.86%, n = 5), gastric perforation (1.14%, n = 2), and gastric bleeding (4%, n = 7) were present, with an overall incidence of 8.00%. CONCLUSION Analysis of the clinical characteristics indicated that early gastric cancer is more prevalent in males with a history of hypertension, with lesions most commonly occurring in the antral region of the stomach. The pathological types are often high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, with over 85% of patients having comorbid intestinal metaplasia and atrophy. Despite endoscopic resection, a positive margin rate persisted, indicating a probability of residual cancer at the margins. Postoperative complications, such as gastrointestinal obstruction, incisional infection, gastric perforation, and gastric bleeding can occur and require timely symptomatic treatment.