Insight on the Rise and Raise of Drug Delivery with Special Emphasis on Five Classes of Therapeutics

Over the past few years, delivery tactics for enhancing drug bioavailability, biocompatibility, and therapeutic index have advanced significantly in innovative strategies, encompassing delivery of small molecules, proteins and peptides, nucleic acids, and, most recently, live-cell therapies. Challenges associated with different drug delivery systems such as reducing off-target toxicity, improving solubility and permeability, non-invasive handling, overcoming biological obstacles, decreasing immunogenicity, improving stability, getting into the nucleus or cytoplasm, viability and persistence in vivo, etc. can be overcome by any one of the three strategies- Modification of drug molecule, change in physiological environment, and using novel drug carrier. This article describes the problems with traditional medication delivery methods and how other methods have been developed to overcome those problems. Additionally, this review also provides knowledge on a few unique technique of drug delivery including nanotechnology, 3D printing, AI aided delivery of therapeutics, etc.