Electrospun Polymeric Fibers and Their Additives for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding: The Promising Trend of MXenes

The increase in electronic devices that communicate via electromagnetic waves has amplified concerns about electromagnetic interference (EMI), highlighting the need for efficient, lightweight, and flexible shielding materials. Traditional metal‐based shields are effective but suffer from drawbacks including rigidity, high weight, and secondary EM pollution due to reflection. Electrospun nanofiber composites offer a promising alternative, attenuating EM waves through internal scattering and multiple reflections within porous, flexible mats. The inclusion of conductive additives enhances shielding performance even at considerably lower loading percentages. One particular additive has demonstrated an excellent propensity to form lightweight, multilayered nanofiber composites with high attenuation. MXenes, a 2D material with high electrical conductivity and high permittivity to promote reflection and absorption have become a trend in EMI shielding. Their ease of dispersion in polymer matrices enables shielding with minimal weight, while also reinforcing mechanical properties. This review explores recent progress in nanofiber‐based EMI shielding, emphasizing the role of MXenes in enabling high‐performance, ultrathin, and flexible shields. Key advantages, current limitations and challenges, and prospects are discussed. This review seeks to offer insight into state of nanofiber‐based composites for EMI shielding and discuss the advantages and limitations of MXenes in the innovation of next‐generation EMI shields.