Analytical investigation of the effect of piezoelectric coating on the attenuation of acoustic vibrations in pressurized cylindrical structures subjected to external turbulent flow

This study investigates the vibroacoustic behavior of a cylindrical pressure vessel with a functionally graded piezoelectric coating under the influence of an external turbulent boundary layer, a chaotic and fluctuating flow region near a surface. The primary focus is on attenuating acoustic vibrations induced by turbulent flow, which can lead to structural degradation and reduced operational lifespan. The governing equations for the isotropic shell and piezoelectric coating are derived using three-dimensional elasticity theory, and the boundary conditions between the shell, coating, and fluid are applied. The system is modeled as simply supported, and the displacements and stresses resulting from structural vibrations are calculated by coupling the equations of the isotropic shell and piezoelectric coating. The power spectral density, reflecting the concept of structural vibration energy absorption, is analyzed to characterize the random vibrational behavior of the pressure vessel. The results demonstrate that the piezoelectric coating significantly reduces random vibrations, particularly in the radial direction, where turbulent flow pressure has the greatest impact. The study also examines the influence of critical factors, including piezoelectric coating thickness, internal fluid properties, and boundary conditions, on the power spectral density of the kinetic energy. This study demonstrates the efficacy of piezoelectric coatings in reducing turbulence-induced vibrations and offers valuable insights for optimizing the design of cylindrical pressure vessels in industrial applications. The findings contribute to improving the safety, efficiency, and longevity of pressure vessels operating under turbulent flow conditions.