Predictive and dynamic development relationship between adolescents’ basic psychological need frustration and problematic internet use: A longitudinal study

Problematic internet use (PIU) is an increasing public health concern among adolescents. Understanding its development and related factors is essential for effective prevention. Although basic psychological need frustration (BPNF) has been identified as a key predictor of PIU, their reciprocal relationship remains underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the longitudinal and reciprocal associations between adolescents’ BPNF and PIU, as well as the potential sex differences, to provide empirical evidence for practical interventions. Using a cluster sampling method, a three-wave survey over 1 year was conducted among 3,061 adolescents ( M age = 13.83, SD = 1.52; 50.47% girls; age range = 12–16) from two middle public schools in Sichuan Province, China. Data were collected in classroom settings using the Short Version of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire and the Basic Psychological Need Frustration Scale. Cross-lagged panel models, parallel latent growth models, and group analysis were used to test reciprocal associations and sex differences. Results showed a reciprocal positive predictive relationship between BPNF and PIU. In addition, group analysis revealed that boys exhibited a faster increase in BPNF driven by PIU growth compared to girls. These findings suggest that the prevention of adolescent PIU should focus on both reducing BPNF and regulating internet use behaviors.